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Week 4 [05-11.11.18] What are you?



What are you? What makes you what you are? Your body? Your brain? Your consciousness?  This is the question we still don’t have an answer for. But let’s try to think about it.



Imagine a situation.  You are a regular citizen of New York living in 2120. Quantum teleportation has been invented. If you want to get to the other side of the Earth just step into a small capsule and you’re there. So one day you decide you want to go to Paris. You buy a ticket, step into the teleportation capsule, it scans you and then disintegrates you. Somewhere in Paris, another teleportation capsule receives the signal, and then, from atoms inside it recrates you, every cell of your body. A few seconds later you proudly step out of the capsule. But is it really you who is enjoying some wine next to the Eiffel Tower. Or is it just absolute copy of you, who has all your memories, who reacts in different situations just like you would react. Did you close your eyes in New York and open them in Paris? Or that capsule in New York became your grave? Or let’s imagine another scenario. Something went wrong, and you were scanned but not disintegrated. The signal was sent, so now somewhere in Paris another you is walking around. Who is real you then? The original who stayed in New York? Does a “copy” have a right to live or it should be disintegrated?  The problem is that it is really hard to decide. From other people’s perspective those individuals are absolutely identical. Moreover, from the point of view of the “copy” he is the real one, since he has all the memories till that point.

This little thought experiment shows, how social and moral concepts do not work sometimes when new technology arises, causing us to rethink seemingly obvious things. It just shows that technologies start to go ahead of us and the society just can’t keep up with the speed of technological development and react accordingly. And it is not a new problem. The same has already happened in the past. I am talking about cloning.  In many states human cloning is banned and even illegal since it is considered unethical. And I think this kind of dilemmas will appear more and more frequently.

Of course, today teleportation, still sounds like a science fiction. But the more advance our technologies get, the less implausible it becomes. Future grants us unbelievable opportunities: teleportation, human augmentation, the creation of digital copy of yourself. But all of it can turn into disaster, unless before introducing these technologies we will answer a simple question. What are we? And as we can see it is not always that easy.

Questions:
1.      What do you think defines us?
2.      Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?

Comments

I've once read a very similar article, with a few other ideas. The one that really spoke to me was: we are the story, a certain continuation of being. Not really the being itself. Quite funny, I heard Aborigine called sleep "a little death". Because each time we go to sleep, our story ends for a moment. It resumes in the morning, but we don't know what really happened in-between. If during this time part of us was replaced or we were relocated, or we actually were copied into some VR, would we really know the difference?
I don't really think we will ever truly know what we are. And we will keep changing due to technology. If we start using nanobots as a way to fight pathogens or cancer cells in our body, will they become us? Or will we become partly them? There are so many questions and I don't think we'll find the answer anytime soon.
1. What do you think defines us?
I think that consciousness of being yourself defines each of us. You gave example with teleportation, but don't you think that identical twins are like copies of each other, should one of them be disintegrated?

2. Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?
It depends if those future advanced technologies will interfere with our body or its various parts, if so then we should clearly understand what is meant to be us.
If you aren't against computer games -- try out SOMA. You are going to love it, I am sure.

Whoever or whatever I am, that heavy philosophy thing is always giving me a headache. I just refuse to process through such questions. But one thing I am certain of -- a perfect clone has yet to be created. The closest result the South Corean steam cell researches have come was 99% clone of the original genom of a puppy. And guess what -- in than one percent of a DNA there was enough differences to make their fur colouring different! Or you could say that real achievements of that research were never published, due to the international conspiracy, and the perfect clones are already walking amongst us.
Unknown said…
What really defines us is DNA. Ok, I agree that there are lots of other things and factors that can define a person but it’s rather philosophical question. There is no particular answer, everyone would add or remove something that’s why I don’t see any point to go deeper in it, it’s just a waste of time.

I agree that we should firstly decide whether these advanced technologies will interfere with our body or not. If yes, than I wouldn’t like to use anyone of them in order to be myself :) Actually all the question are too abstract and it’s hard for technical person to answer them.
That's a real cool topic to digest, however, difficult to argue about just because as it is well-known that scientists discovered only less that 5% of our baring. Certainly it is not enough to explain what is going on in our heads, where exactly that little voice lives. Although I guess that the brain's in charge of everything. Actually there is the next video on youtube "who is you" that's mind-blowing.
I've never thought about that concern. As fas as I know the biggest problem there is reconstruction of ourselves on other side. I hope that scientists will solve this puzzle.
Unknown said…
1. What do you think defines us?

Nothing. We are just a bunch of very complicated form made out of less complicated parts. Our intelligence is a byproduct of evolution that made us that way. Why? Because for some unknown reason, the higher the intelligence the higher the survival rate.
We are just a sum of molecules and they way that they are packed next to each other. After trauma to the head your whole personality can change. The only thing that I would call the one making ME is my brain. But still, it is changing, therefore I am new person each and every day.

2. Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?

No. We can't be sure that we fully understand anything. There is always possibility that we are simply wrong. Advance in technologies can only give us more tools to discover new questions and new answers. But the definition of EGO is changing form culture to culture, religion to religion. The only thing that is certain is that most of them must be wrong. But we might never know the truth so why stopping? Show must go on, our advancement as well.
1. What do you think defines us?

I think that our DNA + our memories/experiences define us. With reference to Your example with teleportation - I think that the other person from Paris is not You anymore...

2. Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?

Yes - we should try to understand as much as we can, before it will be too late to determine and set down rules and regulations
Patryk Górski said…
1. What do you think defines us?

In physical point of view I don't know. But from a mental - I think that the way we are describes us the best. Your thoughts, feelings and everything you say is very unique - you are the only one who lives like that. I think this defines us

2. Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?

I don't know if we can understand everything, we are only humans and not everything is meant for us. It's a hard topic and I don't know what to say about it.
Nataliya Tkach said…
We have with banana's DNA is identical to 50% If we assume that DNA defines us , that we half fruit)) Here we must reason only from the point of view of philosophy rather than of biology.

I don't think advanced technology can interfere with us, or change our minds. I hope that in the future it will be possible to cure cancer in the capsule, all will be available bioprostheses. When chips are introduced into the human brain,mental illness will be healed.
Marta Kowalczyk said…
I believe it is very important to ask yourself those questions in order to realize it is possible that maybe we will never answer them. Maybe what really matters is not really what are we, but what is our mission or a goal? We are created in such a way that the survival and spreading of our species is the greatest goal itself, and each of the human lives is devoted in a slightly different way towards that goal.
What we are depends strongly on a context of the question, and there are multiple levels at which we can answer it.
s18716 said…
1.What do you think defines us?
In fact, in addition to physiological features, each person is unique in mental terms. If there will be a cellular exchange between two people (as was shown in the video), it’s not a fact that the genetic codes of these people will accept other people's cells. There are a lot of factors that define us as an individual, from the DNA to the psycho-mental set or our subconscious.
2.Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?
Honestly, not a simple question. I do not even know which way to approach it, from a philosophical or more scientific one. Good food for the mind, but how useful?
Szymon Gibalski said…
1. What do you think defines us?
- In my opinion, our personality, believes, ideas and how we interact with other people.
2. Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies?
- Probably there will be a law which defines "Who we are" to clarify this problem. So we cannot sue a company which invited the Quantum teleportation.
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said…
1. It hard to say where is a start point of defining human being. Hence we know everybody and everything is build or made out of elements, this would an approach. So the average body of a human being is made out of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen,nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. The rest of the body, less than 1% is composed of another five elements:potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. Now the connections of these elements are cells, then DNA, then Organs and finally all together create a human being. Of course this described way, is simplified but if we track the process step by step, from elements to Cells and so on, we could define more precisely what a human being is and compare it to other species. This shall be a way how to define us.
2. If this kind of technologies interfere with the human body which are for us unknown, we should proof it first by understanding clearly what we are.
Kristina Moroz said…
This comment has been removed by the author.
Kristina Moroz said…
What defines us? We defining ourselves: our thoughts, our decisions, especially when we in bad and difficult situations, what we gonna do to survive and to make our lives complete and good.
Of course we should understand who we are, because this advanced technologies could give us a power and opportunity to make something bigger. And it always depends on us what we choose.
It's a really interesting topic and hard question. I'm not sure we can clearly say what defines us. For sure our genetic code defines us in some way. It distinguishes us from each other. But I think something else is the main reason that defines us and tells who we are. For me, it's what we do, what we say, what we think. Every move counts and it has an influence over our history.
I believe that teleportation won't be available in near future, even in 100 or 200 years but I won't say it never can happen. But regarding what you wrote, when something goes wrong during teleport and it ports your 'copy' but doesn't disintegrate from start point it's still you, both copies. Same goes for cloning. When you clone yourself and the copy has all our knowledge and memories, then both of you are you.
To be honest, understanding what is meant to be us depends on us. Everyone needs to understand where to belong by themselves.
Mykhailo Reznyk said…
I’ve also heard about this idea. I think it’s interesting one. The most important word here, in my opinion, is “continuation”. I think that such things as uploading your mind into a computer or teleportation break and disrupt continuity of your consciousness. It’s like drawing a line, stop for a second, and then continue to draw but a bit higher or lower this time, starting from the point, where you decided to pause. By doing so, you do not continue to draw the same line anymore. Now, you are dealing with absolutely identical but still not the same stripe. A parallel one. Just a copy.
Personally, I think , there is no only one right answer to this question. First of all , basically self-awareness - is the most highly organized mental process that ensures the unity, integrity and consistency of the individual. Self-consciousness is expressed in a person’s awareness of himself, his own qualities, his “I”. Also, difference from others is the main characteristic of the human personality, since “dissimilarity” concerns not only the appearance or physical properties, but also spiritual qualities. "Uniqueness" is the highest characteristic of the individual. To sum up, self-awareness plus our "dissimilarity" give us individual.
Yes, I think, we should more or less clearly understand "who we are" before using those future technologies. it's hard question - junction of science and psychology. But, I hope, in future we will have some answers .
Mykhailo Reznyk said…
1. Yes, I absolutely agree with you. I think that exactly consciousness defines us. Problem is to define what consciousness is. From the point of view of biology, it is the structure of your brain, trillions of connections of neurons, your synapses. Which, by the way, can change and rebuild small portions of these connections, making you remember or forget different things, or maybe even create some new associations with something that you have experienced. Of course, twins might be very alike, but they definitely have different minds and thoughts in their heads. So by no means, you can call them copies of each other.
2. I think they definitely will. Sooner or later we will reach the point, when technologies will become not only tools for us but our indispensable augmentations. I just hope that we, as a society and humanity, will be ready for that and won’t cause more troubles than good.
Unknown said…
Both physically and mentally define us as unity. Can you image yourself in another body? How would feel in it? Will this body be still you? I’m deeply convinced that we can’t separated our anatomy from soul. It’s beautiful that every person in the whole world is different, because for instance one of them is better in math and another in sports. Thanks to our differences, we can complement each other in various situations. Our world has so many countries. In every of them people have another appearances. Identify with place where we born with its traditions and mentality with we grew up – that define us. In the future it might be a problem with keeping it. When it comes to teleportation, nobody wonder where they come from. Omitting matters related to coping people during teleportation, it will begin bigger issues. For instance we will forget about nationalities and cosmopolitanism will lead to destruction.
What I was thinking about while calling them copies was their appearance. Those copies after teleport may also discover things that their archetype have never thought about.
Mykhailo Reznyk said…
I’ve heard a lot about this game but never had a chance to try it out.
Well, I am not surprised about that. Creating an exact copy of any creature, let alone a human being, is not an easy task. Just so many things come into play during the process, since genes a very complex and can cause various mutations. Even the smallest and minor change in genome sequence can cause absolutely different outcome in the whole biology of the subject. So I highly doubt that there is any conspiracy behind it. Most likely we have just not yet reached the full understanding and control over our very “building blocks”.
We are an ecosystem,fighting to survive. We are not individuals, our experiences are. Are bodies are the individuals. We are never alone, our cells are with each other. Our memories are who we are, and our body is the vessel=)
Mykhailo Reznyk said…
Yes, I agree. There are a lot of versions and theories which are trying to describe or at least simply define what makes you what you are. Most of them, obviously, declare that consciousness is the key to that mystery. And I agree with that. But problem is, that this answer starts to raise even more questions. So what is consciousness than? As I said in previous comment, for me, the most appropriate answer is that our mind is our brain structure, neuron’s connections. But of course there are many more thing to be answered before we can be sure for 100%.
Mykhailo Reznyk said…
1. Interesting point of view. I once had it too. It seems very logical, since we can’t deny the fact that essentially, we are just huge number of atoms stacked together. But what is really mysterious, that somehow this stack of very simple and clearly mindless particles make something that is capable of self-awareness. It is very deep and philosophical question which eventually leads us to our very roots and make us ask “How did live even start?”.
2. I agree with your statement that we can never be 100% sure that we fully understand something or know everything. There is always a chance that we are simply wrong. But of course, it doesn’t mean that we should stop. As you said, show must go on. We should keep trying to solve mysteries of this world and continue our journey in this universe.

Mykhailo Reznyk said…
1. I also think that DNA is very important part of us. If we try to view a human as some program, then DNA will be like predefined settings of individual, while memories and various experiences will shape your consciousness and reconfigure these settings.
2. Sure. No doubts. I just really hope we will be ready for rapid technological advancements we are about to face.
Unknown said…
As a character in japanese rpg game used to say: "The world ends with you. If you want to enjoy life, expand your world. You gotta push your horizons out as far as they'll go.".
What defines us are our memories, our actions and how are we expanding "our world". There are invisible chains of fate which are describing who we are, and what are we for in this world. We ourselves are nothing. WE TOGETHER ARE ALL.
DNA, fingerprint, retina and bunch of other things that we don’t already know is the things that a lot of people think that makes us different from another. And it’s true. But all of us is different in some way beside the things that I have already mentioned. God created us all different. Faith, goals, principles of life it's all makes us persons who we exactly are.
I don’t consider myself fluent enough in philosophy to discuss a topic like this, but I do have some thoughts to share nonetheless. I’m surprised that the notion of ‘soul’ hasn’t appeared neither in the article nor in the comments, as it would make for an easy explanation of what makes a person – a vessel inhabited by a soul that carries over the information of who we are. Of course no one has ever seen a soul, or proven that such a thing even exists (and that guy that claimed it weighs 21 grams concluded that based on only a single person sample). The science is progressing in an intimidating pace and we might soon find out what truly makes us ‘us’ when some experiment goes haywire. Yes, I doubt we’ll have time or patience to deeply ponder what truly makes a human. I think that we are more likely to find an answer to the question posed when a time comes to deal with one of the mentioned problems (like the teleportation error), rather than spending endless time contemplating all the possibilities.
In my opinion, each of us defines the self-awareness that we have. I think so, because, for example, two people who look the same - twins often differ from each other, for example, from character. Each of them feels different and has different memories, differently perceives the world around us.
Yes, because despite hypothetical assumptions about teleportation, we do not know its impact on our body. In my opinion, this is never possible in the future. I think that's because we have memories in our brain - our entire past until now.
> What do you think defines us?
I think, our behavior and decisions defines us. Our body it's only cells, which, as it turned out, contains dynamical DNA too :), but this is only a container for the "soul".

> Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?

Maybe, we are somebody's the "future advanced technology" already:) What about the Matrix?
Unknown said…
For me the question about identity has a simple answer. It is a combination of mental characteristics like behavioral, thoughts, worldview, experience, tastes etc. And physical characteristics like height, weight, nose, eyes etc. That's why we are so different, because there are a huge number of different personal combinations.

> Do you think we should clearly understand what is meant to be us before using future advanced technologies ?
As I said before we should clearly understand that cyborgs, robots or human AI production is a really really bad idea.

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