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Week 2 [ 26.03-08.04.2018] The mission to colonize Mars


In this video Matt O’Dowd from PBS Space Time talks about the upcoming human missions to Mars. He presents many difficulties, that we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars. These range from creating self-sustaining life support system, interplanetary transportation and economical affordability.

Questions:
1.       When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
2.       Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?
3.       What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?

Comments

Unknown said…
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said…
1. Assuming there are always some unpredictable obstacles that come out suddenly, I can only hope to witness sending people to Mars in my lifetime. I would love to be able to visit it. Although, as mentioned in the video, no one can estimate how long will it take for the colony to become stable and self-sufficient.

2. Hard to tell, but I think establishing such a new and advanced settlement will also require a new level of cooperation between people there and on Earth. Maybe a new social model will emerge from this and for sure it will be quite a challenge.

3. I'm not a scientist, so no point to state one obstacle arbitrarily. However, if I generalize a bit I think it is a life support system.
Unknown said…
It's very hard to answer when we will be able to send a first human expedition to Mars, but in my opinion, it might happen in the nearest 30-50 years. I personally doubt that SpaceX can achieve this goal in near 10 years. I don't mean that this is impossible but we must take into consideration fact that we don't have enough experience in long-range interplanetary space travels. Who knows what difficulties can arise on the way to the red planet.

I think that private companies like SpaceX will become pioneers in sending human colonies to Mars. They simply have more ambitions and interests in space exploration. Not every country wants and ready to spend millions of dollars on space programs. Maybe China is an exception here. As far as I know, Chinese government recently started to invest a lot of money in their space program and now China is one of the leading countries in that area.

Maybe lack of resources is the greatest problem in Mars colonization, but I'm not sure. As I mentioned earlier, we don't have much experience in it. It probably will be a long path of trials and errors for us to become better in understanding how to build martian colonies and sustain them.
Unknown said…
We have to take into consideration lot of obstacles but I think that with technology growth as fast as it is now and with people like Elon Musk it may be possible in near future. I hope I will be able to hear about it in my lifetime.
My answer to the second question is connected with the previous sentence. I think that corporates have bigger chances to achieve such great success. For example, Elon's corporation SpaceX is growing fast and doing things which are impossible for countries mainly because of lack of money.
In my opinion, the greatest obstacle to overcome in order to colonize Mars is tough terrain.
Filip Sawicki said…
You mentioned about creating a new social model before sending people to Mars. That is very interesting concept that I didn’t think of. Corporations are too small, in terms of budget and personnel, for this huge undertaking, countries on the other hand have many other duties so they can’t focus sufficiently on colonization mission. Maybe our global community should start discussing how the right social model would look like and how would it fit into vague international laws.
Filip Sawicki said…
I’m also skeptical about SpaceX claims that they will send first humans to Mars in 2024. One company won’t have enough money and manpower to make this possible, unless they receive a hefty subvention from U.S government.
Filip Sawicki said…
I think that terrain is not that huge of a problem. Right now we already know many regions on Mars where we could easily establish colonies and land rockets. I would worry more about enormous dust storms and deadly radioactivity.
Jakub Nietupski said…
I trust in Elon Musk, if he says that he will get us to Mars in 10 years, I believe him! It's really hard to foresee what our technology will look like in a decade, but, given our current development speed, its entirely possible that we'll get to Mars by then.
I think that the biggest obstacle we have to overcome is the problem of self sustainability. There may be some concepts that look good on paper but so far we haven't been able to conduct our life on Earth in such a way that is not wasteful and damaging. Otherwise, we wouldn't have to think about colonizing Mars in the first place!
Marcin Mróz said…
I think that sending first people to Mars in 10 years sounds doable, but it's really hard to tell. This kind of space mission is very complicated and definitely not easy to conduct - not only from logistic point of view, but also economical. When it comes to colonizing Mars, I'm always wondering why we would do that? The only thing that comes to my mind is a situation where there is already no way to live on Earth anymore, we ran out of resources or we polluted this planet to this degree that we just can't live there without some sort of masks. Something like scenario from Wall-E movie. And I wonder why can't we focus on saving our planet from destruction rather than already planning on how to abandon it and live on Mars instead (and destroying it too by the way). There are so many obstacles in case of colonizing Mars that it just seems simpler to take care more of our planet, keep it clean and live here as long as we can.
Unknown said…
I have no idea. I think the first man on Mars will be between 20 - 30 years. I hope that I will wait this moment and maybe I will fly to Mars someday.

I think they will be corporations such as SpaceX. I think that countries will be delayed even 10 years for corporations.

The biggest obstacle is certainly survival in a different atmosphere. There are many obstacles we do not know about. I think that preparing special suits, preparing a rocket for the star and preparing supplies (e.g. how much we have to take food or what special things we need to take) are basic problems. We do not know what can happen during the flight or on Mars.
Iman Masjedi said…
1. When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
I think there should be a good reason for investors to do something like invest in this field , Base on current situation of earth, it will happen to next 15-20 years ,

2. Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?

both will do, we had similar situation in past between Soviet and united states for Human transmission to space.

3. What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?

Create Earth-like atmospheric conditions for people who want to live on Mars.
Martian Gravity is also a major problem.
Anna Koca said…
1. When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
In my opinion, these days the technology, science and development is on such A high level, that travels between planets is only a matter of several years and few more experiments. Of course I understand how complicated a process it is, but I believe achievements of our civilization speak for themselves and prove that for human there is nothing impossible.
2. Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?
Even now, we can notice, that in the race of sending people into space, the most serious contestants are countries, not corporates. Maybe it is because such achievements are mostly assigned to a nation as evidence, we can point out that for most of the space achievements the responsible organization was NASA and the National Space Program in the U.S.S.R. Only recently has it begun to attract corporations as well, most known of them being SpaceX.
3. What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?
In the film we could notice many obstacles on the way to colonize Mars, but I also observe that creators have analyzed deeply every aspect, and found some solutions to this problem ( even though for now it is mostly theory ).
Unknown said…
I don’t know, it is strange for me that they want to send missions to Mars in a situation when the mission to the moon is probably a lie. Why don't we send the new mission to the moon instead of Mars. After all, the moon is much closer.I think that the first mission to Mars will be sent by the creator of the Tesla car. I don't remember his name but I read about his plan to do this . The biggest obstacle to the colonization of Mars is the length of the journey and lack of oxygen.
Unknown said…
1. I think that by 2020 there will be an expedition to Mars with a crew of 4-5 people. Since already about 20 million people have expressed a desire to fly to Mars, most likely an expedition with at least 10-20 people will be completed by 2030.
2. SpaceX will be the first to go, as this flight is already planned for the end of 2019. Who will be next? Most likely if the flight will be successful, then the countries will be preparing an expedition.
3. One of the obstacles is weather cataclysms, for example sandstorms that can’t be prevented and it is not clear how deadly they can become. And in my opinion, the biggest obstacle to colonization of people is possible evolution. If we are talking about colonization, then most likely we are assuming the birth of a new generation on Mars. Even if a healthy child is born in the absence of sufficient medical care, it is possible that from the time of birth and from generation to generation it can undergo physiological changes that promote life on Mars. It is not excluded that we can initialize creation of a new race - "Marsians".
Not so far ago the mission of colonizing Mars sounded like science fiction but now it sounds more like the matter of time that’s why I would say that humanity could achieve this goal in nearest future.But overall I am not one hundred percent sure that sending people to Mars and colonizing it would be so ideally as it was described.You should always take in consideration human error and the fact that something may go wrong.I wouldn’t say that this is the greatest obstacle but definitely one of the greatest because it’s hard to predict and foreseen something like this.I agree that SpaceX nowadays looks like the only company that could make it happen.
Andrzej Gulak said…
This comment has been removed by the author.
Unknown said…
1. When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
It’s really hard to say, it depends on a few circumstances, but if we do that it will be a milestone in astronomy. I like Elon Musk, but i’m a bit sceptical about his SpaceX idea. I don’t believe he will be able to do it within 10 years, mostly because we’re not ready for it.

2. Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?
I think that countries don’t have business in it, so the only possible way they will do is the danger of a global cataclysm. Otherwise corporates will deal with sending for money and marketing of course. Maybe we will see Mars colony called RedBull.

3. What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?
Actually i don’t see the reasons why we should do it and the greatest obstacle is obviously technology. As we can see in this video the project of Mars colony is more like film scenography than a place I want to live with my family. But for a week-long vacation why not.
Unknown said…
It is very difficult to determine when the flights will be on Mars, there are some dates already, but these dates are always moving, the article I read a few days ago that China is planning to build a station on the moon in 2025, but I can not say anything else we have to wait for 2025 and to define ourselves. Perhaps this is a prerequisite to fly to Mars.
As for Mars, it's probably very difficult, but I still think that sooner or later it will be, but it does not matter. If someone ever waits on Mars, I think it's the first time a corporation will do it, and then it's probably going to be jointly colonizing Mars.
As for the third question, perhaps the most difficult will be to create a living environment for people and maintain this environment, I mean air, water and so on. The supply and constant supply of which will be the interruption, whether Mars would be colonized or no.
The colonization of Mars is inevitable, predictions are made that it should happen in around year 2170. As for main participants i think that corporations and some kinds of economical unions will be pioneering such project seeking to get rid of government's influence, and for the same reason governments are not interested in colonies in Mars as long as they cannot be controlled, for now governments more interested in grabbing more power on Earth. All the obstacles have technological character, i am pretty sure that given the choise lots of people would volunteer to be the first settlers on Mars, but current inability to terraform Mars or even deliver something or someone at reasonable cost and time are forcing us to wait for the glorious future.
Elon Musk always say that he build rockets for transporting things but not talk about life on Mars such detailed. I think NASA must take this part of fork and create technologies that will help humanity survive on Mars instead of trying to create spaceships. At this time we see that SpaceX is mowing much more faster in terms of developing spaceships than other existing government company.

Also about surviving, I have heard that exist project that develop method in witch we can try to create atmosphere on Mars but I'm not sure how good this idea because mass of Mars smaller then Earth.
Maciej Główka said…
I'm sure that during our lifetime we will see first people on mars. To be more precise, I think this might happen in next 20 years.

In my opinion, first human mission on mars should be created and performed by the alliance of most advanced in space technology countries in our world. Of course, they will probably use a lot of stuff from private companies, but I think it will be better, if such big success will be achieved by many countries rather than companies.

I think that biggest obstacle in colonizing mars is its atmosphere and bad conditions on its surface. However, these problems aren't impossible to overcome. As far as I know, a lot of them have been already solved.
Unknown said…
In my opinion it is hard to determine when we will be able to send first humans to Mars but after last activity of SpaceX company which was established by the Elon Musk I feel that we are closer to a space travel than we think. For last years NASA had less and less money from the USA goverment and the SpaceX is a breath of a fresh air. Elon Musk is a visionary person who will do things tomorrow which we called impossible today. I believe that with his financial potential he has possibility to makes us closer to space and also to travel to Mars.

I think that I exhausted a answer for the second question but I can add that I always thought that only NASA has possibility to send humans to space but now I see that SpaceX is much more closer to win in this race.

I feel that the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars is fact that now we don't have such rockets which could fly back and there many times. It is very expensive and by the time rockets are single-use we won't be able to colonize Mars.
Foodocado said…
I am quite sure the first human mission on Mars will take place in near future - 4 up to 6 years. I cross my fingers for SpaceX and Elon Musk. They do a great job to make it happen. The corporates are 3 steps ahead of country organizations such as NASA. They have a clear goal which is being realized step by step.

I think there is no such thing as "the biggest obstacle". There are some issues that we need to face and there is no priority. One of those things is the distance between Earth and Mars. Another one is a lack of water on Mars and so on... Until all of these problems won't be solved we can't send anyone for such a mission.
Unknown said…
1. If we'll look at today's times and we will see how the technology quickly is developing, we can say very shortly, about 5-10 years. So I believe Elon Musk.

2. I think that, countries have similar budget as companies, but countries have to spend money for the other matters, and that's why the first colony, which will be on Mars, will be from company.

3. For sure, the greatest obstacle will be the weather conditions and possibility of the respiration. If we resolve these two problems, we will colonize.
Vladlen Kyselov said…
To my mind, first human landing on the Mars will be in the second part of next century. T think so because sending non-living creatures is 10 times less dangerous than the living one and sending human without casualties is 20 times more dangerous at least nowadays. I guess that corporates will complete the first successful Mars-human mission, because they have goal that everyone in that corporate want to achieve, that what makes it more productive than if it would be done by country. The biggest obstacles are atmosphere on Mars, less expensive resource flights to Mars, technologies are not developed enough yet.
Marcin Górski said…
It's very difficult to specify when we will send first humans to Mars but I think that will be in this century. It depends on many factors and dispatch is not indicated.
It's another planet and we need to be sure that is place where humans can live.
Elon Musk and his SpaceX opened up my mind on space travels and I think he will colonize Mars, before his project I didn't thought that is possible in my live.
In my opinion the biggest obstacle is money because space travels are very expensive. Even if it's possible to live there we need find better way to get there.
Patryk Górski said…
1. Well, it's hard to predict it. There are some companies, that want to do it in a quite nearest future (SpaceX), but they have to remember, that even the greatest plan may not work out, because of small mistakes, or limitations. I hope that they will succeed, but it may result in failure because the technology isn't there yet :D

2. At first I think corporates. It will be a huge deal for them, to be one of the first companies on the other planet. Just imagine the advantage, of creating the whole empire from the scratch. Even if it will fall, they will be known as one of the first who tried it. When corporates will succeed, then countries will think about this opportunity

3. In the scientific point of view I don't know - but as a simple human I think that many of the people may not realize, or realize too late what is it all about. Just imagine, you are going to leave all the "stuff" here, and you may never come back to this life. You may not know how it is to live there. This is the biggest obstacle for a humans like us.
Unknown said…
1. I find it really hard to predict when first humans will be sent to Mars. As I can only guess or make some simple estimation I would say it will happen in next 20 years.
2. In my opinion both in cooperation - I think that such a large undertaking will inevitably have to be prepared by some joint venture of big companies and some superpower’s governments like China or USA.
3. I think the biggest obstacle is to provide life support system or rather develop all the required solutions which would allow people to live on Mars for a longer period of time without serious damage to their health.
I think that we will at least hear about sending people to Mars in 2020 (as in actual program and preparations) and that we will be sending them there as soon as in 2030. TBH i think the first successful mission will be one of Elon Musk's, i strongly believe that he will do everything to achieve his goal and be the first private company with mission on Mars. Amount of work He puts into fulfilling his dream and vision is incredible. SpaceX program has accomplished more than NASA in such a short time its truly amazing.
I see a couple problems in the task of colonizing Mars, we still have no reliable way to bring whoever goes there back, we would build everything from scratch, and there is no guarantee that we would be able to feed whoever goes there until they are able to self sustain. So my pick would be a reliable plan, and technology that goes with it for starting a self sustaining settlement on Mars.
Peter Clemenza said…
1. When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?

Elon Musk presented an updated vehicle
design for what’s currently being referred to as BFR which is kinda
similiar in size to Saturn V - lauched in 1967. Is this enough?
SpaceX plans to send mission with both cargo and crew,
is targeted for 2024.


2. Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?

In today's world, countries prefer to provide welfare benefits, which
in turn will provide voices during election. There is a little place for
strong spends releated to science. Generally, every privately held company is
better than any government-owned company. Example:
Public vs Private Efforts to Map the Human Genome:
$300,000,000 Celera private company effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and
at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion publicly funded project.


3. What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?
Provide sufficient water and food sources, and shelters that will minimize
health threat from cosmic rays
1. I think that we need more time to send first humans to Mars,we need to make a basic preparation which consists of a huge amount of aspects.
2. I would say both. But it certainly depends on our future. What situation on Earth it would be,nobody knows. I'm not interested in this kind of topic, but i believe that corporates and countries will help each other.
3. First thing is a organization and it needs money. Second thing is to pick up technologies. They must be consistent and truly perfect to provide non-stop food, water and etc. and the last thing is the most difficult one - to find a person or people who would go for it.
Unknown said…
1.       When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
I agree with the thesis presented on movie, that means we will send people on mars in about 10 years.
2.       Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?
Nowadays is more like that corporates will send humans, but everything can change and maybe some countries take an initiative.
3.       What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonise Mars?
I think the long way of earth and mars that everything needed to live must be currie. Probably that will change when people start to colonise the mars but time will show.
Cecylia said…
So I think that surely it will be the USA to send humans to mars but i don’t believe it will happen before 2050, there is too many things to plan and what if no one will want to “risk their life” because we are not 100 % they will survive somehow . The greatest obstacle is to provide water and food . We could not survive without this and money . It’s not so cheap to send a rocket in space... they will do this anyway but is it worth it . I think people should concentrate on repairing earth and not escape in som kind of way to mars.
Maciej Nowak said…
I don't think think that first humans will be send in 10 years to colonise Mars. However, I believe that we will be witnesses of this accomplishment and it will be achieved by cooperation between private companies and countries. The greatest obstacle of colonising Mars is providing first Martians self-sufficient environment i.e. food, water, oxygen and protection from environment. Another important aspect is finding way to produce spare parts, as sending them from Earth would be to expensive and sometimes too slow which could lead to destruction of the whole colony. Also inventing cheaper ways of transporting people and important resources to the colony would speed up the process of colonising Mars.
I think it makes a lot more sense to start with sending more robots to Mars in the short term and then build up infrastructure to send humans later. Rather than sending 100 humans and air and water and food along with construction materials, why not send just the construction materials and robots?
I know NASA has "rovers" rolling around taking samples and such which is great I agree. But if the intent is to build structures from the local resources, why not get that phase going? Robots that scoop up dirt and at the very least start the refining process. The more they can pre-build the more available materials there will be for those eventual colonists when they do arrive.
Also with the likelihood of our needing to live underground in lava tubes, why not get a head start by sending in rovers to investigate these lava tubes? If the robots are smart enough they could even find weak points in the tubes and either shore up weak ceilings or put in some foam to seal up small cracks in the walls. All with the intended purpose that when people finally get to Mars, they have somewhere to go.

1. I think that the pressure which we created will make us send some people sooner than we think, somewhere about 10-15 years i'm guessing. Going into space was always one of the most competetive things between countries and now when we have "chance" to do so, despite threats we will find someone willing to try it. Im not saying i think it will end with success.

2. Even if companies have as big pockets as most wealthy countries, they won't do such a thing without gouverment support. I think they will have to cooperate.

3. Don't know, propably climate, food, and oxygen. Also it depends if its missing with returning in mind or not.
Unknown said…
In 2010 SpeceX announced their long-range goal is a manned mission to Mars. This mission will be possible around 2025, they said. I belive in Elon Musk and his project, so it can be done in that time. This branch of science is still young and new if You looked at the history. First car was invented in 1769 by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot(Wikipedia fact :D). 1769, now, in 2018 we have dozens of car manufacturers, but look, it tooks almost 250 years to get to this position(maybe less, becuse we have competition in that market in 20' century, but You get my point). How many companies produces or launch space rockets? Not so many, but in the future, we got to that point, that there will be a competiotion in that area too.
2) Countries are busy managing people on the ground, so my best bet is corporates - again, look at Elon Musk.
3) Developing all support system is a challange, but in my opinion the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonise Mars, is having enough of replacement parts(because I think in the beggining there won't be a lot of factories there :D) and techincs to take care of all this systems - they have to work properly in order to surviving, soo...
Unknown said…
Well, if it comes to space topic, I am not an expert. I could just share my humble opinion, because for me space is something fantastic and don't even associate my future life with the possibility of visiting another planet. So I can't predict the year, even the decade. I wish I could, of course, and I wish it would happen very soon.

I choose to believe in SpaceX. Because that is the only source of information I could get without diving into the topic. I don't believe that any government will tell the truth. Elon Musk real plans could be a little bit shady, but I still wish he could do it. We need a hero, it better be Musk, than government.

Obstacles? Tons of it. Humanity could face the problems everywhere. We can't even handle the situation on good old Mother Earth. So I am a little pessimistic about the real fact of the successful colonization. Poor Mars:)
1. When do you think we will send first humans to Mars?
It is difficult to determine when it will be possible to send first human expedition to Mars. We highly developed technology and scientists still gain more knowledge about Mars and how to initiate settlement there, but the journey to Mars is very long and it can be hard for participants, so a series of simulations and tests should be carried out to ensure mission safety and expedition not turn out to be suicidal. In addition, sending human expedition also involves huge costs, which may be an obstacle in realization. In my opinion, a human expedition to Mars will be possible for around 50 to 75 years.

2. Who will send humans to Mars, corporates or countries?
In the current world situation, countries are more interested in conflicts over resources on Earth, for example access to oil. Unless a major crisis breaks out, nations will not be interested in settling a new planet. It is more likely that an organization supported by philanthropists will be interested in colonizing the new planet. It is possible that large corporations will want to achieve this goal for marketing purposes. The corporation that would have the biggest profits from populating Mars would be a company that produces popular bars with the same name - that would be be the best advertising campaign.


3. What is the greatest obstacle we have to overcome in order to colonize Mars?
I reckon that the biggest obstacle in colonizing Mars is its atmosphere conditions and its impact on human health.
Illia Lukisha said…
This comment has been removed by the author.
Illia Lukisha said…
1. I'm following Mask's projects for a long time, and conclude that he definitely will send people to Mars, but after 15-20 years. Cause, on every stage of the project there is a lot of challenges to overcome, and also people are to bad at estimating time, especially if anyone didn't do that before.

2. That is an easy one. Countries are not interested at space exploration at this moment, because "Cold War" ended, and space exploration don't generate revenue. Maybe it will change in the future, but not now. So my answer, even not corporations, interested in revenue as well, but dreamers such as Mask.

3. How to organize colony. Creating new ways to live, because life on Mars will be much different. One of the problems is gravity, other is atmosphere. And of course the main problem is relevance, will we need colony on Mars in the future, or it will be just an waste of money and resources of the Earth?
Jakub Lisicki said…
I think that we will have a first attempt to send humans to mars shortly as we already have sufficient technology. However we still need to ensure suitable living conditions. Therefore the first attempt of sending humans to mars could be delayed by another 10 years or so.
Corporates with support of united government leagues will support the trip to Mars - as long as its profitable for earth then large scale colonising will begin.
Human comfort and achieving proper living conditions are the biggest obstacles in this process. If we want to successfully colonize Mars for more than one generation we have to recreate the same living conditions as those on earth. That will be time consuming and financially challenging. However if this obstacle is not overcome the whole idea might end up as failure.
1. I think it will take place by 2025. I believe, it will be done by SpaceX, the Elon Musk's enterprise. He has said it many times, that it's his dream to make the humanity an interplanetary civilization.

2. In my opinion, it will be done in cooperation of these two. It is because, this kind of project needs a lot of money and people to be involved in it.

3. There are plenty of such problems. However, the major one is connected to conditions occuring on the Mars. Because of extreme conditions, we need to develop state of the art technology and adapt it to Mars environment.
We know any civilization is bound to have some bad apples. Now the bad apples here on earth, when they blow something up, the damage could be 20-30 people. What if that happens in an eco-dome on Mars? The entire dome of people would be in grave danger.

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