Skip to main content

Week 8: Kickstarter - are you willing to donate?

Many of you probably already heard about most popular and also controversial crowdfunding platform.

Kickstarter launched back in 2009 and was founded by Perry Chen, Yancey Strickler, and Charles Adler. Idea of this site was to help creative people gather funds from public so they can bring their projects to life. Projects introduced by them could be from different categories: art, movies, games, music, tv shows, food joints, technology etc.

It also introduced model of pledges, in which backer could pledge a certain amout of money that contains extra bonuses when actual product is finished.

Since 2009 kickstarter had many successful campaigns such as:

1.The Pebble - we already talked about smartwatches recently and pebble was one of them. It was first smartwach to ever reach public and untill this day remains best campaign.The Pebble raised $10,266,845 dollars from 68,929 backers on Kickstarter, and surpassed the funding goal by over 10,000%.





2.Double fine adventure raising money for new game - for thos who are not familiar with this studio, it was funded by one of the legends of video game industry. After long time of silence they wanted to make a return. And they made with bang, with goal set for $400,000, they made $3,336,371 from 87,142 backers in record 5 days.



3.Oculus Rift - this virtuality headset is my personal favorite, this is first successful virtuality made for games that actually does work properly. And just like the pebble, it is regulary updated. Unfortunately it is still in prototype stage and it has own niche. With goal of $250,00, people pledged over $2,000,000.



4.Ouya - a smallest home console that runs on own android system. Besides small size and slick design it also stand out as a developer kit, in contrast to other popular consoles. That means all games had to be free to play. Unfortunately ouya doesn’t get regular updates or didn’t find a success after kickstarter campaign. Goal of $950,000 was ended with over $8,000,000 pledged





But, like i mentioned before, kickstarter is also full of controversial projects.

More than that, there are many categories that are genuinely bad, such like:

1. Scams - yes, this place is easily targeted by scammers. Making believable campaigns, but after reaching their goals, disappear into thin air.

2. Bad projects that surprisingly getting funded - i'll leave this one with no comment.


3. Basically any project that has nothing to do with creating a product, but instead work as a way to get money (usually for silly things)

http://www.buzzfeed.com/cconnelly/the-15-worst-kickstarter-projects-of-all-time-s3x

And before i end i would like to remember best campaign of all times by Zack Danger Brown, who wanted to make his first potato salad


So my question to you are:
Do you find crowdfunding a good idea?
Would you back any project or have you done it already?
What is yours favorite kickstarter?
Do you have any ideas for campaign yourself ?(one that is possible to realize)


and
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/arrowstorm/osombie-feature-film

Worst kickstarters list #3 - http://www.buzzfeed.com/cconnelly/the-15-worst-kickstarter-projects-of-all-time-s3x

Comments

Unknown said…
I think that Kickstarter is a very good and helpful platform. I am happy that in our world there are people who are willing to support creative people and their ideas. Personally, I have never donated any money to any project and I have only been once on this site. It was when I watched Zack Danger Brown and his Potato Salad project. Answering your third question, he is also my favorite Kickstarter maybe because I do not know anyone else.
However, my friends build 3D printers. When they started they asked for back up on the Polish crowdfunding platform. Their campaign was successful and they gained some sponsors. Right now, they still develop their company and they have more and more clients. You can check their website here: http://jelwek.pl/pl/
As for my ideas, I have a few of them for my own company and maybe I will use crowdfunding platform to make my dreams come true.
Unknown said…
Do you find crowdfunding a good idea?

Yes I think its great idea. Many people have good ideas but they cant realize them
usually because insufficient fund. Moreover crowfunding system verify if idea is good or not.

Would you back any project or have you done it already?

Yes there is a guy who invented small light for cameras that gives you a lot of light.
1500 lumens would be great but Im not sure its true.

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1193685734/lume-cube-flash-and-video-light-for-gopro-iphone-a?ref=nav_search

What is yours favorite kickstarter?

I can think of two projects. First is Robocop sculpture in Detroit.

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/imaginationstation/detroit-needs-a-statue-of-robocop?ref=nav_search

And the second that is really impressing for me. Drone that follows his master recording everything.

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/sqdr/hexo-your-autonomous-aerial-camera?ref=discovery

Do you have any ideas for campaign yourself ?(one that is possible to realize)

Only thing I can think of for now is maybe a movie. I have seen some scripts that got pretty nice budget.
All you need to do is interest the backers.
Unknown said…
I think that kikstarter is a really cool idea and people should be able to get and give money for projects that they believe in/want to create. I’ve never put money into any projects but maybe if I would have more money and would find something I would really like to see created I would consider donating. I don’t really follow kickstarter campaigns but I’ve recently heard about two that are “kind of” scams. It doesn’t change my view about kickstarter in general because people will try to cheat and gain more money everywhere. This site provides so many great possibilities and I saw some really great things developed just because people came together and made it happen.

Few words about those two campaigns that I mentioned. The first one seems really cool and it’s a Hoverboard (like from Back to the Future!). Some of the campaigns are obviously fake, but this one seems real and just if you know anything about science you know that it’s impossible for it to work efficiently:

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/142464853/hendo-hoverboards-worlds-first-real-hoverboard?ref=nav_search

And now watch how it really looks :( :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMZ2cyNxPwg&list=UUmb8hO2ilV9vRa8cilis88A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEBPQO4Vz1I&list=UUmb8hO2ilV9vRa8cilis88A

The second one (I think I mentioned already in one of my posts) a youtuber Anita Sarkeesian gathered 150,000$ on kickstarter for her videos (instead of 6,000$ that she wanted) and she didn't really provide the content (or it will just take her few years to do so).

Anyway I think those are the exceptions. Oh and I recommend watching a South Park episode abut kickstarter – they made one this season.
I've heard many good things about kickstarter. It's very good simple idea. Applause for creators this site. Projects are also very interesting and great. It's very similar to the stock market. The companies start to stock market to raise money. Kickstarter doesn't have a whole bureaucracy from stock. I know one Polish portal with similar approach - http://polakpotrafi.pl/.
Unknown said…
I absolutely agree with you :) I think it is extremely helpful tool, and maaany people could have started their businesses by finding many investors, who donated even few dollars. Crowdfounding is cool :)
Unknown said…
I had no idea, that oculus has been made due to kickstarter! I have seen pebble on kickstarter myself long time ago, I only wonder how they ended the whole project, is it in shops? What about smartwatched that are currently produced by big companies? Will pebble be save?
My favourite kickstarter is a smartphone made of blocks, to stop the trend of buying and throwing out old stuff, but upgrading it. Very nice idea, and if I am not mistaken I have even seen some bigger company planning to do so :)
http://blogs.canoe.ca/canoetech/mobile-phones/phonebloks-wants-to-create-a-modular-smartphone-with-lego-like-blocks/

According to scams - isn't kickstarter care somehow to prevent their site from things like this? How technically can they do it?
Unknown said…
As for pebble, it's being sold from their internet shop and as far as i know has some retailers on amazon. Not sure if there any physical shop that sells pebble. And i think it has steady selling rate, even with all brand new smartwartches from giant companies. That is all thanks to the fact they were first to go massive, so they work better with all types of phones, where new ones work good only for android or for apple (leaving windowsphone far behind).
Yeah, phone made of blocks made a huge deal on the internet. Personally, i don't think they will make something close to the original idea, but i still guess there will be customizable phone. Besides, last time i heard this idea was bought by giant company, can't remember which one.
Michal Kulesza said…
I was not casual watch wearer until I backed and received Pebble. Now when I leave home without it I'm really missing it.
Phone made of blocks is being created by Google in the Project Ara (http://www.projectara.com/) and they already presented working prototype. Another phone - Ubuntu Edge - is example of unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign.

I backed several things on Kickstarter and received all of them.
Now I'm waiting for new gadget: MONO (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/709997023/mono-the-future-of-diy-devices)
rf. said…
There's a polish kickstarter-like page (Kamil mentioned it already) that's called polakpotrafi.pl, though it's way smaller than kickstarter itself. Generaly crowdfunding is a good idea as it provides a backdoor funding for innovative or not-profitable-from-business-viewpoint (haha) projects as the guy from Double Fine Adventure explained. I'd like to believe that its an investment page - you get to be an entrepreneur yourself thanks to it! I've heard of a few cases where kickstarter projects were bought by investors. Simply after an unsuccessful launch a businessman would contact the inventors with a business proposal. Isn't that great?
I've backed a project though I can't say i have any favorite. And surely I have lots of great ideas in mind, though can't talk about 'em out loud now, can I? ^^
MartaSB said…
I find crowdfunding a really good approach that can help turn great ideas into reality. I have backed up one project and currently I'm receiving updates in regard to it's implementation. It's awesome that in some time I'll receive all my 'rewards' - I simply can't wait! :)
MartaSB said…
I also came across this http://polakpotrafi.pl/ page. Projects here are on a bit smaller scale in comparison to kickstarter, but still it's a very nice idea to back up local initiatives.
PrzemekM said…
Crowdfunding is great. Young inventors don't have to look for same big fish or "dragons" to finance some cool project.
I haven't done any project, I am a little bit afraid, after some last known issues with finalizing startup.
In my opinion Pebble was great kickstarter project, but oculus Rift was much more innovative, and this is my favorite.
Of course I have but I can't say :D
Julia Osiak said…
I think that Kickstarter is awesome. There are so many great ideas there and ideas worth supporting. I haven't backed any of the campaigns yet, because usually when I don find something that I really like it's usually sold out and only the highest pledges are left and I can't afford them... As for the scams, I think that Kickstarter has some sort of policy to prevent people taking money and not sending the promised items. It's a shame though that there is so few polish project there, and that equivalent polish websites are not promoting project that would be this exciting.
Unknown said…
I think crowdfunding is ,in theory, a great idea. People with money can help
people with no money, but with great ideas. However, I think croudfunding sites still needs more control from some kind of "authorities". There are many scams, and even if campaign creator is thinking seriously about creating his idea, the finished product not always meets expectations of doners.
I have donated my money to one project - some really great advertised vfx tutorials. Hovewer, after campaing ended, we (contributors) get only half of the
promised materials. Campaign creator doesn't respond to any e-mails regarding
delivery of the unfinished projects, and there is not really any way we can get
back our money. After that experience, I think I will never take part in any
other croudfunding campaign again.
Unknown said…
Because of how popular kickstarter is, there was dozen of parodies laughing at how some people exploit this platform:
[NSFW] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPXOvNKdvUw
I have included my favourite, which is potato salad. It just mocks many silly campaigns that doesn't actually need any money and can be done without asking for cash. However, it doesn't always has to be crazy amount of money. Sometimes people need like only thousand or even less.
And also when aritsts finish their projects it's not always what they were introducing first. Double Fine had to make one game, instead they made 2 games ( one was released, second part is coming).
Unknown said…
There is plenty of crowdfunding sites, like one as popular as kickstarter - indiegogo.
I don't think it's like stock market, at least as i understand its definition. Normally to back some project, there has to be a product in some stage so it can be shown. For example, i donated to 2 projects: Movie and point and click game.
Both has demos and trailers, only thing they needed money for is for things that they cannot make by themselves - music, some 3d effects.
I think platform close to stock marketing is http://www.patreon.com/ , people donate artists they know from youtube or other medias so they can still produce high quality content.
Unknown said…
I was really sad about Ubuntu Edge fail to be honest.
Oh, nice. Pebble is great smartwatch. I hesitated on backing it first and then i saw it on allegro just month after kickstarter end.
Unknown said…
Well, it's not always good when there is investors buying failed projects. Usually it means that there is a deal in which those who provide money, take control over production. And therefore some projects can be different from one pitched on kickstarter. Doesn't mean it have to be all time that bad, but it's not a good signal either.
And there is times when investors interfere while kickstarter is still going on. So many people that have backed anything can be left with end product not same that they payed for or in worst case scenario, can be left with nothing. (I think there was only one time where company did not return any money)
Unknown said…
Polish projects are still not as popular because for long time kickstarter didn't support Poland. You couldn't put any project or back any. That's why you can find much more polish ideas on other crowdfunding site - indiegogo.
Unknown said…
That is why i only back projects that has anything to show, like demo or trailer. Also i like to see their goals to be clear and possible to achieve.
Recently i backed up a point and click game by Jacub Janerka, Paradigm.
Besides talking personally to that guy, he put it clear that he did all the game by himself but he doesn't have any musical talent. So all money goes for music ( and maybe other important things).
Personally i wouldn't back up any tutorials, i find it silly. I prefer to pay full price. (or pay like on gumroad, minimum price with addition of paying more)
It does hard to find any looking legit kickstarters now. So many "personal" projects that envolves nothing but making money:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPXOvNKdvUw
Seisyll said…
Do you find crowdfunding a good idea?
I think it's a great idea. There is a lot of good ideas out there, but not everyone has the funds or is able to secure them. Also this is a good way to check if someone will buy your product.

Would you back any project or have you done it already?
I already did, it was called 7 days to die :D There are already bunch of projects I would back, but it's hard to choose from all of them.
What is yours favorite kickstarter?
Up to some time ago it was "The stomping land", but right now I like the one that isn't actually supported by kickstarter, it's called "Oort online".

Do you have any ideas for campaign yourself ?(one that is possible to realize)
Not really, there have been a bunch of game ideas that me and my friend had, but every single one of them died in planning phase.
I think that crowdfunding is a good idea mainly because it helps some great products to be commercialized. Usually, very interesting project is not presented to the public at large just because lack of funds and big investors.

Obviously, without correct tool to verify the usefulness or chances of success in early stage of funds collecting process the probability of scams and worthless project is naturally higher.

Personally, I have not backed any project in any crowdfunding service yet. However, I find the "Pebble" as very successful and interesting project.
Unknown said…
I think the idea behind crowdfunding is great, because it can help many interesting projects that would otherwise lack money or/and publicity, to develop.

I've backed a project some time ago - a game called Star Citizen (I'm a fan of space sim type games and I'm really looking forward to playing SC). So far the game is still in development, but backers can try the initial version out already. Tha game gathered over 2 million dollars only on Kickstarter, but you can still pledge money and, interestingly, people still do this (by buying assets that will be available to them in the game later). So far it gathered a crazy amount of 64,000,000 $. You can check Star Citizen's site.

Here is one of my favourite projects (on Indiegogo, not Kickstarter) - Solar Roadways. I like the idea by itself, though I'm aware it'll probably be hard to introduce. And I absolutely love their promotional video.
This comment has been removed by the author.
Kick starters had it's up and downs. Many people have abused the idea, but I for one am very keen on it. I believe it's a marvelous way for people to fund their projects, that otherwise might never see the day of light. Some projects, probably most of them will be bad, even awful, but nobody is forced to fund them. I have given money to some kick starter projects that I like and have no regrets about it. If somebody doesn’t like crowd funding nobody expects them to take part in it.
Unknown said…
Oh nice, star citizen is a fine representative of pc gaming, not only for fans of of space sims. I would back it but i was too late and besides i don't have strong pc yet to play on one. I will buy it though just as soon as i get strong enough pc to handle it. Just after playing X series this game is indead a masterpiece.
Unknown said…
I think most abused "projects" are lets plays. It is most profitable form of content on youtube so people look for a way to get for free a good equipment so they can play and record it. But most of them are boring, same as every lets plays and doesn't include anything new.
Unknown said…
1. Do you find crowdfunding a good idea?
2. Would you back any project or have you done it already?
3. What is yours favorite kickstarter?
4. Do you have any ideas for campaign yourself ?(one that is possible to realize)

1. This is a good solution for startups and projects that need people's attention and backup.
2. I didn't back any project nor I am not looking into creating my own. Maybe one day...
3. Probably the most interesting idea I've come across was the new smartphone, fully build from independent, different blocks that each gives unique usability to the device. For example people interested in having long lasting batteries would use bigger/more blocks having the capacity to store power. Others, who would like to have better cameras would install a block with possibly better features. I believe this can be the future of the phone production industry, soon.
4. If I had any idea then I would already start the campaign. Maybe one day...
I also agree with your girls. It's such a great way for creavite people, who cannot afford to begin on their own..
Dominika I will definately check out the website;)
The idea is great. In theory, as Filip have mentioned above. Creative poeple can start on their own. But still, I think it can be pretty risky to pay a lot of money by using a site. I am not 100 percent convinced it works as it should.
Some time ago, I read that even Marina Abramovic herself uses this way to collect money for her upcomming project...
Unknown said…
Well, you don't have to pay large amount of money, usually it's 3$ -15$. And it's only risky when you support some not legit source, cause most kickstarters comes from people or small groups that already had proven themselves in past. But even here are some exception like Paulina said : youtuber Anita Sarkeesian.
I know that now most small developers instead of making project with their own strenght go for kickstarter. Which is ofcourse bad idea, because they can fail and fail all people that payed money leaving to disastrous legal circumstances.
I love the idea of Kickstarter. The bad thing is the Polish cannot cannot fully participate in it. We can't start a project unless we have Id and address in USA,UK,Ireland,Netherlands and few other countries unless we know somebody who will do it in our name. I wanted to start a project but unfortunately this was not possible. There is an alternative called IndieGoGo, but money are not so good there, Polakpotrafi.pl is not even worth mentioning if we're talking about serious projects.
As far as I know, we still can't start a project. Am I wrong? If yes, please elaborate
When I look for a gameplay on youtube I usually put "no commentary" in the search phrase. It's a plague.
Would you share with us what project did you back up?
I don't like PolakPotrafi.pl. The audience is very narrow and most of the projects are not set to create any physical, useful product.
I am interested in starting crowdfunded project. Could you please share what were the issues with finalizing startups lately?
Unknown said…
In my opinion crowdfunding is a fantastic idea. There are many creative people, who time and again have awesome projects and ideas that can expedite people life. These projects creators often don’t have enough money for invest in their brainchilds.
I claim that there is a lot of smart and great projects at kickstarter. I don’t have favorite one. The best projects are helpful and in some way broaden our horizons. To simplify they make life easier.
Sylwia said…
I have never donated such project and I’m not willing to do it. I do not like this idea of crowdfunding, because there are too much trashy projects there right now. Some people also treat it as their scholarship. They do not create any particular project or product and gather money for their future (eg. education) just because they feel they deserve it. To me it’s not a good place for it.
Michal Kulesza said…
The best thing about Pebble is that it's still being developed. They didn't take cash and disappear but there appeared Pebble Steel and casual Pebble recently received great update allowing to access low level gyroscope API allowing to develop applications like pedometer.
Michal Kulesza said…
When it comes to Polish page and Polish bureaucracy I know there was big dispute about taxes when it comes to the 'crowdfunding'. How to classify such income? Is it income by investment, gift or regular purchase? What do you think?
Unknown said…
Yeah. Not to mention i look for lets plays when i'd like just to quickly look how game works.
Unknown said…
As i checked now we still can't put any projects on kickstarter, we need US id or any other eligible.
Michal Kulesza said…
As far as I remember one person from project team had to have US citizenship. Now they extended the list and people from following countries can create projects on Kickstarter: US, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zeland, Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway (source: https://www.kickstarter.com/help/faq/creator+questions?ref=faq_nav#GettStar )
Unknown said…
Well, doesn't mean other people don't come up with good and stable ideas like ones that i've mentioned. People are still ones who are responsible for success of many campaigns and if someone fall for something that stupid, well... When i donate money on something is only when i know something is almost finished, but it struggling to go further because of money.
Unknown said…
I must admit i never find anything on polakpotrafi. I still think IndieGoGo is alright, but all news i hear about crappy crowdfunding usually starts with Indie at start of the list.
It would be funny if someone started a campaign on IdnieGoGo to make Kickstarter support Poland.
Unknown said…
I'm not gonna lie when i say that i was looking for pebble because its use of e-ink screen and longer battery life (and it was sexiest smartwatch until moto360, sorry). Also because it's one of the first watches, it has many apps that works on iOS and android, not like big company watches.
Unknown said…
But still none of eastern countries or even Germany :(
Unknown said…
Donation? Hard to say in good ol' Poland.
Unknown said…
Do you find crowdfunding a good idea?
Yes. I think it's one of the good things about the internet - that people can use it to organize support for ideas that other people find interesting.

Would you back any project or have you done it already?
Never done it, but Im sure I would, if I would find project I would consider interesting enough.

What is yours favorite kickstarter?
It's not a kickstarter, but a bit similar idea - polish site "wolne lektury" which gather funds for releasing free ebook editions of classic books.

Do you have any ideas for campaign yourself ?(one that is possible to realize)
Not yet :)
Marcin Lyzwa said…
yes, definitely crowdfunding is a good idea. Thanks to a place like kickstarter funding startups can look for their ideas, and people with money in easier way projects can be found which is worth to invest. The cool thing is that even $ 10 can help - it's a bit like the charitable actions.
I haven't back any project yet, I always find an interesting project too late and the minimum amount is too high.
I don't have any favourite kickstarter. As I remember 3D printer, Pebble and module phone caught my eye.
Unknown said…
Yes, why not? Such kind of raising fund could not be named as bad thing because of few idiots and scammers. It is now much easier to get money for project then it was before, not only some development things are funded but also music, movies and etc. I think if people are ready to give theirs money for development of the project then they see something in it, anyway who we are to count theirs money?
I am thinking about starting a project, but now its only on the stage of development.
I have no any favourite kickstarter.
Unknown said…
I think that crowdfunding is very good idea. It’s a big chance for people, who have unique and amazing ideas for business but no money.
I’ve never done something on kickstarter. I also think that’s great, so maybe at one time I will try in the future.
I’ve never been up to date, so it’s difficult show you, what is the best. I have heard about polish group- NeuroOn. They created mask that lets people control their dreams- Polyphasic sleep. I think that is very good idea. I’m not sure, if i is it possible, but still it’s great idea.
I think that every social portal is good idea for publish my own work and of course whole internet. Internet has got great power :P
Unknown said…
Yes, in my opinion crowdfunding is based on a good idea. You want a lot of money, you ask a lot of people, they give you one dollar each (you don't even notice losing one, so why not donate it to something that you're interested in and find useful). The only thing is that people are very lazy, so it is very hard for them to transfer the money.
I have backed up a project that went viral some time ago, it was a pillow that you would put over your head to sleep comfortably in any given situation. It looked good on a demo and it is made with care and using high quality materials, but everyone who puts it on looks so embarassing that we (my family and I) do not use it as we're supposed to. However it is SO comfortable that we use it as a regular pillow when we travel, we fight for it all the time.
I had the idea to have people buy me a photo camera so I could take better photos:D But I thought this through and decided that I wouldn't feel good with myself if some strangers payed for my needs, mostly because it wouldn't affect them in any way.
I like the ideas of raising money for charity or individual problems. Recently I donated some money for someone's brain surgery and some time ago - for animal shelter. It makes me feel good even if I get nothing from it.
The potato salad crowdfunding made me angry (after it had made me laugh), because that's a lot of money and it could be spent in a million better ways.
Unknown said…
Crowdfounding seems to be a great idea, however I've never had the opportunity to get to know it better. The whole concept of collecting money from people and giving them something in return sounds fantastic but, I've heard a lot about the project in which someone propose, e.g postcard from journey across the word instead of donating, and to be honest it doesn't convince me.

I haven't backed and project yet. I've heard about outstanding idea of people who built a small house in the Himalayas. By backing up this project you could spend some time there on your holidays. If I had known about that, I would have pledged some money for that.
Mateusz Frycie said…
I think it's a great idea. It can be a great opportunity for people of all professions to begin their adventure with big business and make their dreams come true. Thanks to such projects (like KickStarter) many low budget inventions cna become a
"full time" products.
Unknown said…
I think crowdfunding is a good thing, but people must be careful not to believe in everything they are told by start-upers. For me, it's easier to believe bigger company, because if they lie to much, they can lose their brand trust.
Unknown said…
http://time.com/3109255/this-is-how-the-potato-salad-kickstarter-guy-plans-to-spend-the-money/
I was expecting them to do so but they could return all money to the backers. Then again, people who donated knew that was a joke and yet they still did it so any activity like that is nice.
Unknown said…
I think crowfunding sites are great invention which allow to create and develop interesting, mind blowing sollutions and devices. I never backed any project because I have no time for such activities and that’s why I don’t have my favorite kickstarter project.

Popular posts from this blog

Week 1 (09-15.03) VOD

http://www.vod-consulting.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/1.jpg

Week 11 [03-09.06.2019] The problem with ecological cars emission in UK

The problem with ecological cars emission in UK Since the adoption of the European Emission Allowance Directive in the European Parliament, all car makers have tried to submit. Since 1992, the Euro I standard has been in force, which limited the emission of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. The Euro VI standard currently applies, which limits the series of exhaust gases. These include: hydrocarbons, nitrogen and carbon oxides, and dust.   The most significant change was brought by the Euro IV standard. For the first time it introduced the limitation of nitrogen oxides, which are responsible for the harmful compounds of smog.   What is smog?   Smog consists of sulfur oxides, nitrogen and carbon. In addition, solid substances such as suspended dust (PM). Dust suspend in atmospheric aerosols may be in liquid and solid form. These can be particles of sea salt, clouds from the Sahara and artificial compounds made by people. These compounds often come fr

Week 4 [06-12.11.2017] This is what happens when you reply to spam email.

James Veitch is a British comedian. In today’s Ted Talk James with characteristic for himself a sense of humor shows how he deals with spam emails and why responding to junk messages may be sometimes dangerous. Questions: What do you think about James’s  way of dealing with spam? Why are junk messages legal, even though it sometimes may be a fraud? Dou you have a problem with spam? How do you deal with with it?